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Put the US back in America
February 01

Republic Vs Democracy

     Why do the parties and congress and the president want you (the tea baggers) to be called a party.Its a Group of people and gives power to the Group.
The power of this government is and always has been the OF,BY and FOR (We the People of the United States of America) and its the only group of people mentioned in the constitution.All others are representatives.Congress,the President and the Supreme Court and thru the States.


Republic is a form of government in which the powers of sovereignty(supreme power especially over a body politic b : freedom from external control ) are vested in the people and are exercised by the people, either directly, or through representatives who are chosen by the people, to whom those powers are specially delegated.( to entrust to another ,to do my will, to appoint as one's representative ,to do my will)We the People(A government of ,by and for the people)


The first lie fed to you(we the people) is that you live in a democracy.


The next is that the first amendment protects lying.


Third lie is that the USA is not in a time of war ,that is declared with another country.
We are and have been at war since 1950 and that is why the liberals wont talk about Korea.
Sounds simple??? and it is and you are being lied to and if you hear a lie long enough it becomes a truth.If you protest, then you are the liar.
Since lying causes harm or protects felons, then why would the founders believe its all right to lie to each other.They did not and we do not believe it to this day neither.


The next lie is that you(We the People) vote for a representive that becomes a world leader,a God or other supreme being from Harvard and they have the right to make decisions for you without your input ,or advice,and/or Even letting you know about why they made that decision.No law has been passed to protect your(We the people) sovereignty (supreme power especially over a body politic b : freedom from external control ).Groups pass laws to protect themselves or protect the sovereignty of the groups who want to benefit from the laws and/or have paid the most in all the forms of bribery.
    Now Lets think back and Why Jane Fonda and Bill aires are not hanging from a gallows for the act of treason they committed.The group they belonged to did not want the laws enforced against a group and so Congress and the president did not enforce the laws of America against another group.Now if they had enforced the treasons laws, then when Lee Harvey Oswald went to USSR and became a Citizen and brought his bride home with him and had been arrested by the leaders of our country ,then John f. Kenney would be alive today.If the Democrats had not supported the KKK then martin L. King would not have had to march in Selma Alabama.. But let you as We the people protest and you will be called terrorists and traitors and We are trying to over throw the government if we protest for redress against them, the group in congress. They know full well they are acting in our behave outside the meaning of the constitution and will blame you for their being wrong .Do guns Kill or do governments who have power in the groups( communists' party) kill people in the streets as in Hungary and Poland and Iraq and recently in Iran.

The last lie in this list .Guns kill and should be banned.
Amendment 2 - Right to Bear Arms. Ratified 12/15/1791.
Are the parties and groups trying to stop, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.Or Could it be they are after this part (of a Protected Right we have in this country).A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State.
It is a War against the Republic and to take away the power of We the people'

Republic Vs Democracy
Many believe that the word Democracy used by all to day ,describes the United States of America's form of Government.
They also will tell me ,it means that the people have the right to vote and choose what they want to do or have done.
Communism is being called Democracy by the news media and in speeches by democrats and republicans in the Government.The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Communism----A utopian state of government where specified property or means of production are owned by the state and not citizens or persons, and which may also provide for a form of equal distribution of national production.
Republic Vs Democracy


A republic and a democracy are identical in almost every way except for one.
In a republic the sovereignty(supreme power especially over a body politic b : freedom from external control ) is in each individual person.You as an American.

In a democracy the sovereignty is in the Group or Party. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,labor Unions,gangs,mafia,Democratic Party (1792 historic, 1828 modern) Republican Party (1854Constitution Party (1992) Green Party (1996) Libertarian Party (1971) America First Party (2008) America's Independent Party (2008) Boston Tea Party (2006) Independence Party of America (2007) Moderate Party (2006) Modern Whig Party (2008) Marijuana Party (2002) Objectivist Party (2008) Party for Socialism and Liberation (2004) Progressive Party 1948 (1948–1955),Communist,UN,KKK,Acorn,Churchs,Christianity: 2.1 billion,Islam: 1.5 billion,Nonreligious: 1.1 billion,Hinduism: 900 million,Chinese": 394 million,Buddhism: 376 million,primal: 300 million,African: 100 million,Sikhism: 23 million,largecom: 19 million,Spiritism: 15 million,Judaism: 14 million,Baha'i: 7 million,Jainism: 4.2 million,Shinto: 4 million,CaoDai: 4 million,Zoroastrianism: 2.6 million,Tenrikyo: 2 million,Neo-Paganism: 1 million,Unitarian: 800 thousand,Rastafarianism: 600 thousan,Scientology: 500 thousand,The Pope,Godfather's and any other political organations or group who wants to control YOU.
A Republic is representative government ruled by law.The Counstitution.and a Republican Form of Government in the States.
A democracy is direct government ruled by the majority.The Communist Party or the Army or Hugo Chaves or castro or Mai
Republic is a form of government in which the powers of sovereignty are vested in the people and are exercised by the people, either directly, or through representatives who are chosen by the people, to whom those powers are specially delegated.( to entrust to another, to appoint as one's representative)We the People(A government of ,by and for the people)

A democracy is a form of government in which the sovereign power resides in and is exercised by the whole body of citizens directly or indirectly through a system of representation, as distinguished from a monarchy, aristocracy, or oligarchy.

Does it look like any of the congressmen or the president has been doing the wishes of the people who sent them to washington???? Do they represent we the people and vote for us and speak for us and vote the way we said we wanted them to vote.did you see the democrat party busy comiting sediction and running down the president and the people of this country just to win an election since 2006.they even wanted to cut off funds in a time of war and that is an act of treason.since the viet namm war they hve been giving aid and comfort to traitors and let them become professers in our schools and teaching our Posterity to be cowards and to blame the government and slowly take away the power of we the people by allowing courts to overturn elections by the people.they allow the mayors to say they will not enforce ferdal laws and set on thier hands and do nothing to preserve, protect and defend the suprmine law of the land.Instead of steping over the line in the sand and defending this coutry by joining with the people in the streets they attack and use names that are not in the counstitution so as to protect the great hearos they belive to be right.Bill aires and others who would kill police and blow up our buildings .They stand by for over fourty years and award them with a professership in a school that teachs people to be loyatle to the governments who would destroy the Rebublic.

Now lets go to the
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America
The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.(secrect meetings)
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance.(zares)
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial from punishment for any Murders (or Treason) which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefit of Trial by Jury:
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

IN CONGRESS, 1960 to 2009
Did you notice how King George of 1776 sounds like King Obama of 2008 .Both sound the same and Congress does not have to listen to the people.

Our country is in trouble and we the people will have to clean it up
start petions in every burg and county and state and file treason charges againest all who do not ebrace the wishes of the people. the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
The tea baggers do not belong to a party and are (we the people of the republic of the United States).


They(groups) can not charge The people for treason, but we can charge each and every one of them for treason againest the American people.


Obama said thier is a defecit of trust in America.wonder who caused it?????You caused the defecit when you refuse to show birth certificate and refuse to listen to the people and you obey the wishes of a group(democrats)you and congress sell your votes and award the ones who give bribes to thier group of people.you and the sectory of state have not gone to califorina and defended the jobs of all those Americans who had there water cutoff to save a fish.the fish invaded the waterways built by the people and you punish the people because of the fish being there.same with ileagles you protect them and not the people who need jobs while lying about making jobs for a group of people who work for you.


Democracy at work protecting the group.


Tea baggers do not let yourself be called a party. Stay ,we the people

Put the US back in USA

All of the following is info to back up above.
Section 4 - Republican government
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States,
Rep·re·sen·ta·tive
Pronunciation: re-pri-zen-tə-tiv
Function: adjective
Date: 14th century
1 : serving to represent
2 a of, based on, or constituting a government in which the many are represented by persons chosen from among them usually by election
Rep·re·sent
Pronunciation: \ˌre-pri-ˈzent\
Function: verb
Etymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French representer, from Latin repraesentare, from re- + praesentare to present
Date: 14th century
transitive verb 1 : to bring clearly before the mind : present <a book which represents the character of early America>
2 : to serve as a sign or symbol of <the flag represents our country>
3 a (1) : to take the place of in some respect (2) : to act in the place of or for usually by legal right (3) : to manage the legal and business affairs of <athletes represented by top lawyers and agents> b : to serve especially in a legislative body by delegated authority usually resulting from election

A list of groups, partys, Political Organizations and special insterests who say they represent YOU


Democratic Party (1792 historic, 1828 modern) Republican Party (1854) Constitution Party (1992) Green Party (1996) Libertarian Party (1971) America First Party (2008) America's Independent Party (2008) Boston Tea Party (2006) Independence Party of America (2007) Moderate Party (2006) Modern Whig Party (2008) Marijuana Party (2002) Objectivist Party (2008) Party for Socialism and Liberation (2004) Peace and Freedom Party (1967) - active primarily in California Prohibition Party (1867) Reform Party of the United States of America (1995) - not to be confused with an offshoot of the party, the American Reform Party (below) Socialist Equality Party (2008) Socialist Party USA (1973) - originally founded in 1901 as the Socialist Party of America Socialist Workers Party (1938) Unity Party of America (2004) Workers World Party (1959) Working Families Party (1998)American 3rd Party (1990) American Free Enterprise Party (2009) American Conservative Party (2008) American Centrist Party (2004) American Heritage Party (2000) American Nazi Party (1964) American Patriot Party (2003) American Populist Party (2009) American Reform Party (1997) American Third Position Party (2010) Center Party of the United States (2009) Christian Socialist Party USA (2006) Communist Party USA (1919) Conservative Party USA (2008) Freedom Road Socialist Organization (1986) (two factions using same name) Freedom Socialist Party (1966) Independent American Party (1998) Jefferson Republican Party (2006) Labor Party (1995) Libertarian National Socialist Green Party (1997) National Socialist Movement (1974) New American Independent Party (2004) New Union Party (1974) Populist Party of America (2002) Progressive Labor Party (1961) Revolutionary Communist Party, USA (1975) Socialist Action (1983) Socialist Alternative (1986) Socialist Labor Party (1876) Workers Party, USA World Socialist Party of the United States (1916) Alaskan Independence Party (1984) Aloha Aina Party American Independent Party (1968) - the California affiliate of the Constitution Party Blue Enigma Party (Delaware) (2006) Charter Party of Cincinnati, Ohio (1924) Connecticut for Lieberman Party (2006) Conservative Party of New York (1962) Covenant Party (Northern Mariana Islands) Florida Whig Party (2007) Independent Green Party of Virginia Independent Citizens Movement (US Virgin Islands) Independent Party of Oregon (2007) Liberal Party of Minnesota Liberal Party of New York (1944) Liberty Union Party (Vermont) (1970) Marijuana Reform Party (New York) (1997) Moderate Party of Rhode Island (2009) NCCL-DWCMP (Middle West WI MN ND IA MI) (1990/1995/1998) New Jersey Conservative Party (1992) New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico (1967) New York State Right to Life Party (1970) Personal Choice Party (Utah) (1997) Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico (1938) Populist Party of Maryland (Nader 2004 - affiliated, unrelated to earlier so-named parties) Progressive Dane - Dane County, Wisconsin (1992) Puerto Rican Independence Party (1946) Republican Moderate Party of Alaska (1986) Southern Party (1999) United Citizens Party (South Carolina) (1969) Vermont Progressive Party (1999) World Citizens Party (Massachusetts) (2003) Federalist Party (c.1789–c.1820) Anti-Federalist Party (c.1789-c.1792) Democratic-Republican Party (1792–c.1824) Toleration Party (1816-c.1827) Anti-Masonic Party (1826–1838) National Republican Party (1829–1833) Nullifier Party (1830–1839) Whig Party (1833–1856) Liberty Party (1840–1848) Law and Order Party of Rhode Island (1840s) Free Soil Party (1848–1855) Anti-Nebraska Party (1854) American Republican Party (1843-1854) American Party ("Know-Nothings") (c.1854–1858) Opposition Party (1854–1858) Constitutional Union Party (1860) National Union Party, (1864–1868) Readjuster Party (1870-1885) Liberal Republican Party (1872) Greenback Party (1874–1884) Anti-Monopoly Party (1884) Populist Party (1892–1908) Silver Party (1892-1902) National Democratic Party/Gold Democrats (1896–1900) Silver Republican Party (1896-1900) Social Democratic Party (1898–1901) Home Rule Party of Hawaii (created to serve the native Hawaiian agenda in the state legislature and U.S. Congress) (1900–1912) Socialist Party of America (1901–1973) Independence Party (or "Independence League") (1906-1914) Progressive Party 1912 ("Bull Moose Party") (1912–1914) National Woman's Party (1913-1930) Non-Partisan League (Not a party in the technical sense) (1915–1956) Farmer-Labor Party (1918–1944) Progressive Party 1924 (1924) Communist League of America (1928–1934) American Workers Party (1933–1934) Workers Party of the United States (1934–1938) Union Party (1936) American Labor Party (1936–1956) America First Party (1944) (1944–1996) States' Rights Democratic Party ("Dixiecrats") (1948) Progressive Party 1948 (1948–1955) Vegetarian Party (1948–1964) Constitution Party (United States 50s) (1952–1968?) American Nazi Party (1959-1967) Puerto Rican Socialist Party (1959–1993) Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (1964) Black Panther Party (1966-1970s) Youth International Party (1967) - Commonly known as the Yippies Communist Workers Party (1969–1985) People's Party (1971–1976) U.S. Labor Party (1975–1979) Concerned Citizens Party (1975-1992) Become the Connecticut affiliate of the Constitution Party (then known as U.S. Taxpayers Party) with party founding Citizens Party (1979–1984) New Alliance Party (1979–1992) Populist Party of 1980s-1990s (1984–1994) Looking Back Party (1984–1996) Grassroots Party (1986–2004) Independent Party of Utah (1988–1996) Greens/Green Party USA (1991–2005) New Party (1992 – 1998) Natural Law Party (1992–2004) Veterans Party (2003-2008) Christian Freedom Party (2004)
Churchs,Christianity: 2.1 billion,Islam: 1.5 billion,Nonreligious: 1.1 billion,Hinduism: 900 million,Chinese": 394 million,Buddhism: 376 million,primal: 300 million,African: 100 million,Sikhism: 23 million,largecom: 19 million,Spiritism: 15 million,Judaism: 14 million,Baha'i: 7 million,Jainism: 4.2 million,Shinto: 4 million,CaoDai: 4 million,Zoroastrianism: 2.6 million,Tenrikyo: 2 million,Neo-Paganism: 1 million,Unitarian: 800 thousand,Rastafarianism: 600 thousan,Scientology: 500 thousand,


click on the link below and you will be amazed at the number of groups who want to say they repersent YOU
http://www.politicalindex.com/sect10.htm

Carlton E. Corbin,
Winslow,Arkansas,
On top of the Boston mountains

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Put the US back in USA

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January 25

DO NOT ACCEPT A FEDERAL CREDIT CARD,

American people

The government wont help or listen to the people and think that we will pay all our debts and they can raise thier price for running the government any time its convent for them.

 

All businessmen and those who deal with the government .

DO NOT ACCEPT A FEDERAL CREDIT CARD,

The government is broke and deep in debt and and their is no law that you have to accept that card.

DEMAND CASH AND RAISE THE PRICE 100% THE FIRST WEEK AND THEN 200% AND SO ON ,TILL THEY START WORKING FOR AMERICANS.

Federal employees have a job and health care and the congress gave themselves a raise and wont fire anyone ,no matter how bad they are and keep giving out work cards to illegal's and letting them in the country.screw you we will just tax you for money.

We the people need to show King Obama and the Damorats that life is a Two way street and they will be the ones who shoot us for demanding our rights.

don't accept credit cards from anyone who is elected to office or was hired by the government.No police,mayor ,postmaster,state,city ,county,office workers or anyone who sent bribes to the democrat parties.

Right an IOU for tax's that you have collected and send that in to the IRS.

and keep raising the price for everything they have to buy!!!!!!!!!!!

If they have a contract with you, tell them they broke the contract with us and theirs is now null and void.

Lets see how fast they start becoming a government for the people,of the people,by the people. or starting shooting US and starving US as the people they work for did in the past.Communists.

they ,Our Representatives think for the last 50 years all problems can be solved by throwing money at the problem and then becoming criminals just to get more monies in their pockets .

Over 500 people went to congress and think they work for banks loan companies ,insurance companies,unions and anyone who gave them bribes thru the Democrat party and the republic party,and turn a deft ear to US.

We the people can do the same thing .

Do not accept their credit cards and raise the price on them each week for as long as they ignore the people of the USA

Kick them all out

Put the US back in USA

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January 16

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My fellow country men ,Our Country is in trouble.
I have heard these words for over forty years now.Politicians and news Media lie to us and after we vote them in we never here from them again.This has been said time after time for forty years.My mother is 88 years old and she said this is the same thing that the enemy's of the USA said way back in the 1920s.They called the American people dumb ,lazy,Peckerwoods.By the way she had her insurance from Houston Light and Power cut off and was told she could get Medicare or Medicare which every it is.We have watched the Democrats commit Treason and sedition and flat out lie about WMDs and who caused the towers to tumble down, they created the hate for America and for George W Bush,Just so they could win an election.News Media fearful for losing their jobs and having to work for a living are going right along with the good works of the Party's, so as to keep their income.Al Capone would be proud.You who are of Black color need to take a long look at who stopped you from being hung and discriminated against.You will find that the Democrat party was in power .Just as their clam of freeing you is a lie .It was a man from Atlanta, Georgia,United States that fought and died for you not the Democrat party that was in power in all the South.Did they Protect and defend you from the KKK or were they in power because of it


Enemies of the state or country can be determined very easily by the list provided by our forefathers.
A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime


Section 3 - Treason
Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.


Slander and perjury are known as crimes in every country since the first cave child lied to his Father.But we now have a President and many congressmen who have lied over the past years to the American people over and over But that's not a crime and we have to be Politically correct and lie about them lying,its not nice to call Martha Stewart a Convicted Felon or Ted Kennedy the same and that's the title they earned for themselves.A jury did not give them that title ,they earned it and the jury sentenced them to prison.Still they convict and try to Impeach a president for lying.And Congress makes a hero out of another dead criminal.


lying and taking bribes and selling their votes and then stand their and lie to the American people is Treason. the first amendment is about words and not actions and the bomber who is the best friend of Obama is a traitor and should have been hung along with his wife Jane Fonda.She stills hates her Father by Using his name instead of Bill Aires name .Obama's mother gave him a title but we cant use it cause its a nasty word now and you would comedy me and attack me for telling you the truth about the lack of a marriage license when he was born and how she was the local party bed goers while looking for a rich husband at Hawaii state.
The lies get covered up and we get blamed for mentioning that something is wrong with this great speaker.And old saying is you made your bed and have to lie in it,Well I did not make that bed and being punished for the stupidly of others is not going to be tolerated.

The president is breaking the federal law, freedom of information act and still we have to show our birth certificate..my son has to show his in Texas to get a drivers license.Now he has sent out two executive orders telling law enforcement to not enforce the illegal alien laws.
"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."
he screwed up his oath before us and took it in secrecy and blamed the judge for making a mistake but never did his advisers think that he should have known it by heart before he got there and corrected the mistake, but alas we all have been listing to that lie for years.
Here are some words from the The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America
This is a grip about King George and then King Obama said the same thing .This is what he said he will do???????
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:

From the section of his duties as president ,he cant read these words and maybe that's why his school records are sealed and its the news media who says he is a very learned man.
notice words preserve, protect and defend .
Section 3 - State of the Union, Convening Congress
Care that the Laws be faithfully executed

now every state in the union has been cheated and lied to and the Constitution has been ignored .
and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
This is a bigeeeee!!! they had a secret meeting and 40 people were told to stay out and and 20 states lost their vote in the meeting.Still they the Democrats lie and say they could have come in.Gee you would have thought they would have watched the news and seen the same thing we did and then they lie to us .Talk about running the trust of the people and they lie and blame it on the Republicans and us for being to stupid to understand .


Its going to get worst Obama.
Now its time for We the People to stand up to the enemies of the state and convene grand juries in every state and county and city and traffic court in the 50 states and file complaints and by everyone of us and then when no one in office will bring charges impeach him and start over till America is cleaned of all the criminals ,illegal's and traitors and felons and other criminals.
first of all remember that all took a oath to protect and defend the constitution and it's treason not to do so.Now I ask you how did 535 people get in their and only a hand full protest or try to defend you or the constitution.All have jumped on the money wagon with King Obama and the Democrats of the old south(KKK).


Now the democrats will exempt one religion from having to buy an insurance policy and the rest of the religious members of a free society will be fined and thrown in jail for not buying the insurance. All religion's are exempt from paying income tax, but now the congress has picked out its favorite one and passed a law respecting that it as better than the rest and its excempt from tax,fines and jail time .WOW!    Where are all the members of congress who took an oath to uphold the constitution when you need them.Guess they are still laughing all the way to the bank .Liars and cheats and traitors are all they are .

Amendment 1 - Freedom of Religion, Press, Expression. Ratified 12/15/1791.
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
The American people have no representative and we need to Kick them all out.

In 1776 the signers of the Declaration of Independence were charged with treason by the people of Britain and today all who sign and vote for this health care bill are committing treason on the people of America and their districts they represents .The people have said loud and clear to them, that they do not want this bill and its injustices to the people.The starting of a war is clearly on the backs of the president and the party he represents and the ones who will not stand up and demand the defense and protection of the constitution.
Carlton E.Corbin

Carlton E. Corbin,
Winslow,Arkansas,
On top of the Boston mountains
Forum,America's Chat Cafe---http://forum.freeboards.net/?mforum=americaschatcaf
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Put the US back in USA

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April 15

Words we need to Remember

George Washington's
Farewell Address

To the People of the United States

FRIENDS AND FELLOW-CITIZENS:

1 The period for a new election of a citizen, to administer the executive government of the United States, being not far distant, and the time actually arrived, when your thoughts must be employed designating the person, who is to be clothed with that important trust, it appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce to a more distinct expression of the public voice, that I should now apprize you of the resolution I have formed, to decline being considered among the number of those out of whom a choice is to be made.

2 I beg you at the same time to do me the justice to be assured that this resolution has not been taken without a strict regard to all the considerations appertaining to the relation which binds a dutiful citizen to his country; and that in withdrawing the tender of service, which silence in my situation might imply, I am influenced by no diminution of zeal for your future interest, no deficiency of grateful respect for your past kindness, but am supported by a full conviction that the step is compatible with both.

3 The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in, the office to which your suffrages have twice called me, have been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the opinion of duty, and to a deference for what appeared to be your

desire. I constantly hoped, that it would have been much earlier in my power, consistently with motives, which I was not at liberty to disregard, to return to that retirement, from which I had been reluctantly drawn. The strength of my inclination to do this, previous to the last election, had even led to the preparation of an address to declare it to you; but mature reflection on the then perplexed and critical posture of our affairs with foreign nations, and the unanimous advice of persons entitled to my confidence impelled me to abandon the idea.

4 I rejoice, that the state of your concerns, external as well as internal, no longer renders the pursuit of inclination incompatible with the sentiment of duty, or propriety; and am persuaded, whatever partiality may be retained for my services, that, in the present circumstances of our country, you will not disapprove my determination to retire.

5 The impressions, with which I first undertook the arduous trust, were explained on the proper occasion. In the discharge of this trust, I will only say, that I have, with good intentions, contributed towards the organization and administration of the government the best exertions of which a very fallible judgment was capable. Not unconscious, in the outset, of the inferiority of my qualifications, experience in my own eyes, perhaps still more in the eyes of others, has strengthened the motives to diffidence of myself; and every day the increasing weight of years admonishes me more and more, that the shade of retirement is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. Satisfied, that, if any circumstances have given peculiar value to my services, they were temporary, I have the consolation to believe, that, while choice and prudence invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism does not forbid it.

6 In looking forward to the moment, which is intended to terminate the career of my public life, my feelings do not permit me to suspend the deep acknowledgment of that debt of gratitude, which I owe to my beloved country for the many honors it has conferred upon me; still more for the steadfast confidence with which it has supported me; and for the opportunities I have thence enjoyed of manifesting my inviolable attachment, by services faithful and persevering, though in usefulness unequal to my zeal. If benefits have resulted to our country from these services, let it always be remembered to your praise, and as an instructive example in our annals, that under circumstances in which the passions, agitated in every direction, were liable to mislead, amidst appearances sometimes dubious, vicissitudes of fortune often discouraging, in situations in which not unfrequently want of success has countenanced the spirit of criticism, the constancy of your support was the essential prop of the efforts, and a guarantee of the plans by which they were effected. Profoundly penetrated with this idea, I shall carry it with me to my grave, as a strong incitement to unceasing vows that Heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of its beneficence; that your union and brotherly affection may be perpetual; that the free constitution, which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly maintained; that its administration in every department may be stamped with wisdom and virtue; than, in fine, the happiness of the people of these States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made complete, by so careful a preservation and so prudent a use of this blessing, as will acquire to them the glory of recommending it to the applause, the affection, and adoption of every nation, which is yet a stranger to it.

7 Here, perhaps I ought to stop. But a solicitude for your welfare which cannot end but with my life, and the apprehension of danger, natural to that solicitude, urge me, on an occasion like the present, to offer to your solemn contemplation, and to recommend to your frequent review, some sentiments which are the result of much reflection, of no inconsiderable observation, and which appear to me all-important to the permanency of your felicity as a people. These will be offered to you with the more freedom, as you can only see in them the disinterested warnings of a parting friend, who can possibly have no personal motive to bias his counsel. Nor can I forget, as an encouragement to it, your indulgent reception of my sentiments on a former and not dissimilar occasion.

8 Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every ligament of your hearts, no recommendation of mine is necessary to fortify or confirm the attachment.

9 The unity of Government, which constitutes you one people, is also now dear to you. It is justly so; for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real independence, the support of your tranquillity at home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very Liberty, which you so highly prize. But as it is easy to foresee, that, from different causes and from different quarters, much pains will be taken, many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth; as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed, it is of infinite moment, that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national Union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the Palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion, that it can in any event be abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.

10 For this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest. Citizens, by birth or choice, of a common country, that country has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of american, which belongs to you, in your national capacity, must always exalt the just pride of Patriotism, more than any appellation derived from local discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You have in a common cause fought and triumphed together; the Independence and Liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels, and joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings, and successes.

11 But these considerations, however powerfully they address themselves to your sensibility, are greatly outweighed by those, which apply more immediately to your interest. Here every portion of our country finds the most commanding motives for carefully guarding and preserving the Union of the whole.

12 The North, in an unrestrained intercourse with the South, protected by the equal laws of a common government, finds, in the productions of the latter, great additional resources of maritime and commercial enterprise and precious materials of manufacturing industry. The South, in the same intercourse, benefiting by the agency of the North, sees its agriculture grow and its commerce expand. Turning partly into its own channels the seamen of the North, it finds its particular navigation invigorated; and, while it contributes, in different ways, to nourish and increase the general mass of the national navigation, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime strength, to which itself is unequally adapted. The East, in a like intercourse with the West, already finds, and in the progressive improvement of interior communications by land and water, will more and more find, a valuable vent for the commodities which it brings from abroad, or manufactures at home. The West derives from the East supplies requisite to its growth and comfort, and, what is perhaps of still greater consequence, it must of necessity owe the secure enjoyment of indispensable outlets for its own productions to the weight, influence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic side of the Union, directed by an indissoluble community of interest as one nation. Any other tenure by which the West can hold this essential advantage, whether derived from its own separate strength, or from an apostate and unnatural connexion with any foreign power, must be intrinsically precarious.

13 While, then, every part of our country thus feels an immediate and particular interest in Union, all the parts combined cannot fail to find in the united mass of means and efforts greater strength, greater resource, proportionably greater security from external danger, a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign nations; and, what is of inestimable value, they must derive from Union an exemption from those broils and wars between themselves, which so frequently afflict neighbouring countries not tied together by the same governments, which their own rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce, but which opposite foreign alliances, attachments, and intrigues would stimulate and embitter. Hence, likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those overgrown military establishments, which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to Republican Liberty. In this sense it is, that your Union ought to be considered as a main prop of your liberty, and that the love of the one ought to endear to you the preservation of the other.

14 These considerations speak a persuasive language to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit the continuance of the union as a primary object of Patriotic desire. Is there a doubt, whether a common government can embrace so large a sphere? Let experience solve it. To listen to mere speculation in such a case were criminal. We are authorized to hope, that a proper organization of the whole, with the auxiliary agency of governments for the respective subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to the experiment. It is well worth a fair and full experiment. With such powerful and obvious motives to Union, affecting all parts of our country, while experience shall not have demonstrated its impracticability, there will always be reason to distrust the patriotism of those, who in any quarter may endeavour to weaken its bands.

15 In contemplating the causes, which may disturb our Union, it occurs as matter of serious concern, that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by Geographical discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western; whence designing men may endeavour to excite a belief, that there is a real difference of local interests and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire influence, within particular districts, is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. You cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heart-burnings, which spring from these misrepresentations; they tend to render alien to each other those, who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection. The inhabitants of our western country have lately had a useful lesson on this head; they have seen, in the negotiation by the Executive, and in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction at that event, throughout the United States, a decisive proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated among them of a policy in the General Government and in the Atlantic States unfriendly to their interests in regard to the mississippi; they have been witnesses to the formation of two treaties, that with Great Britain, and that with Spain, which secure to them every thing they could desire, in respect to our foreign relations, towards confirming their prosperity. Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the preservation of these advantages on the union by which they were procured? Will they not henceforth be deaf to those advisers, if such there are, who would sever them from their brethren, and connect them with aliens?

16 To the efficacy and permanency of your Union, a Government for the whole is indispensable. No alliances, however strict, between the parts can be an adequate substitute; they must inevitably experience the infractions and interruptions, which all alliances in all times have experienced. Sensible of this momentous truth, you have improved upon your first essay, by the adoption of a Constitution of Government better calculated than your former for an intimate Union, and for the efficacious management of your common concerns. This Government, the offspring of our own choice, uninfluenced and unawed, adopted upon full investigation and mature deliberation, completely free in its principles, in the distribution of its powers, uniting security with energy, and containing within itself a provision for its own amendment, has a just claim to your confidence and your support. Respect for its authority, compliance with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of true Liberty. The basis of our political systems is the right of the people to make and to alter their Constitutions of Government. But the Constitution which at any time exists, till changed by an explicit and authentic act of the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. The very idea of the power and the right of the people to establish Government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established Government.

17 All obstructions to the execution of the Laws, all combinations and associations, under whatever plausible character, with the real design to direct, control, counteract, or awe the regular deliberation and action of the constituted authorities, are destructive of this fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and extraordinary force; to put, in the place of the delegated will of the nation, the will of a party, often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community; and, according to the alternate triumphs of different parties, to make the public administration the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous projects of faction, rather than the organ of consistent and wholesome plans digested by common counsels, and modified by mutual interests.

18 However combinations or associations of the above description may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people, and to usurp for themselves the reins of government; destroying afterwards the very engines, which have lifted them to unjust dominion.

19 Towards the preservation of your government, and the permanency of your present happy state, it is requisite, not only that you steadily discountenance irregular oppositions to its acknowledged authority, but also that you resist with care the spirit of innovation upon its principles, however specious the pretexts. One method of assault may be to effect, in the forms of the constitution, alterations, which will impair the energy of the system, and thus to undermine what cannot be directly overthrown. In all the changes to which you may be invited, remember that time and habit are at least as necessary to fix the true character of governments, as of other human institutions; that experience is the surest standard, by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution of a country; that facility in changes, upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion, exposes to perpetual change, from the endless variety of hypothesis and opinion; and remember, especially, that, for the efficient management of our common interests, in a country so extensive as ours, a government of as much vigor as is consistent with the perfect security of liberty is indispensable. Liberty itself will find in such a government, with powers properly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian. It is, indeed, little else than a name, where the government is too feeble to withstand the enterprises of faction, to confine each member of the society within the limits prescribed by the laws, and to maintain all in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of person and property.

20 I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the state, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party, generally.

21 This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed; but, in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy.

22 The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissension, which in different ages and countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries, which result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual; and sooner or later the chief of some prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his own elevation, on the ruins of Public Liberty.

23 Without looking forward to an extremity of this kind, (which nevertheless ought not to be entirely out of sight,) the common and continual mischiefs of the spirit of party are sufficient to make it the interest and duty of a wise people to discourage and restrain it.

24 It serves always to distract the Public Councils, and enfeeble the Public Administration. It agitates the Community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which find a facilitated access to the government itself through the channels of party passions. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another.

25 There is an opinion, that parties in free countries are useful checks upon the administration of the Government, and serve to keep alive the spirit of Liberty. This within certain limits is probably true; and in Governments of a Monarchical cast, Patriotism may look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon the spirit of party. But in those of the popular character, in Governments purely elective, it is a spirit not to be encouraged. From their natural tendency, it is certain there will always be enough of that spirit for every salutary purpose. And, there being constant danger of excess, the effort ought to be, by force of public opinion, to mitigate and assuage it. A fire not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of warming, it should consume.

26 It is important, likewise, that the habits of thinking in a free country should inspire caution, in those intrusted with its administration, to confine themselves within their respective constitutional spheres, avoiding in the exercise of the powers of one department to encroach upon another. The spirit of encroachment tends to consolidate the powers of all the departments in one, and thus to create, whatever the form of government, a real despotism. A just estimate of that love of power, and proneness to abuse it, which predominates in the human heart, is sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of this position. The necessity of reciprocal checks in the exercise of political power, by dividing and distributing it into different depositories, and constituting each the Guardian of the Public Weal against invasions by the others, has been evinced by experiments ancient and modern; some of them in our country and under our own eyes. To preserve them must be as necessary as to institute them. If, in the opinion of the people, the distribution or modification of the constitutional powers be in any particular wrong, let it be corrected by an amendment in the way, which the constitution designates. But let there be no change by usurpation; for, though this, in one instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the customary weapon by which free governments are destroyed. The precedent must always greatly overbalance in permanent evil any partial or transient benefit, which the use can at any time yield.

27 Of all the dispositions and habits, which lead to political prosperity, Religion and Morality are indispensable supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of Patriotism, who should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness, these firmest props of the duties of Men and Citizens. The mere Politician, equally with the pious man, ought to respect and to cherish them. A volume could not trace all their connexions with private and public felicity. Let it simply be asked, Where is the security for property, for reputation, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths, which are the instruments of investigation in Courts of Justice? And let us with caution indulge the supposition, that morality can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect, that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle.

28 It is substantially true, that virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popular government. The rule, indeed, extends with more or less force to every species of free government. Who, that is a sincere friend to it, can look with indifference upon attempts to shake the foundation of the fabric ?

29 Promote, then, as an object of primary importance, institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge. In proportion as the structure of a government gives force to public opinion, it is essential that public opinion should be enlightened.

30 As a very important source of strength and security, cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is, to use it as sparingly as possible; avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace, but remembering also that timely disbursements to prepare for danger frequently prevent much greater disbursements to repel it; avoiding likewise the accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exertions in time of peace to discharge the debts, which unavoidable wars may have occasioned, not ungenerously throwing upon posterity the burthen, which we ourselves ought to bear. The execution of these maxims belongs to your representatives, but it is necessary that public opinion should cooperate. To facilitate to them the performance of their duty, it is essential that you should practically bear in mind, that towards the payment of debts there must be Revenue; that to have Revenue there must be taxes; that no taxes can be devised, which are not more or less inconvenient and unpleasant; that the intrinsic embarrassment, inseparable from the selection of the proper objects (which is always a choice of difficulties), ought to be a decisive motive for a candid construction of the conduct of the government in making it, and for a spirit of acquiescence in the measures for obtaining revenue, which the public exigencies may at any time dictate.

31 Observe good faith and justice towards all Nations; cultivate peace and harmony with all. Religion and Morality enjoin this conduct; and can it be, that good policy does not equally enjoin it? It will be worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant period, a great Nation, to give to mankind the magnanimous and too novel example of a people always guided by an exalted justice and benevolence. Who can doubt, that, in the course of time and things, the fruits of such a plan would richly repay any temporary advantages, which might be lost by a steady adherence to it ? Can it be, that Providence has not connected the permanent felicity of a Nation with its Virtue? The experiment, at least, is recommended by every sentiment which ennobles human nature. Alas! is it rendered impossible by its vices ?

32 In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more essential, than that permanent, inveterate antipathies against particular Nations, and passionate attachments for others, should be excluded; and that, in place of them, just and amicable feelings towards all should be cultivated. The Nation, which indulges towards another an habitual hatred, or an habitual fondness, is in some degree a slave. It is a slave to its animosity or to its affection, either of which is sufficient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest. Antipathy in one nation against another disposes each more readily to offer insult and injury, to lay hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty and intractable, when accidental or trifling occasions of dispute occur. Hence frequent collisions, obstinate, envenomed, and bloody contests. The Nation, prompted by ill-will and resentment, sometimes impels to war the Government, contrary to the best calculations of policy. The Government sometimes participates in the national propensity, and adopts through passion what reason would reject; at other times, it makes the animosity of the nation subservient to projects of hostility instigated by pride, ambition, and other sinister and pernicious motives. The peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty, of Nations has been the victim.

33 So likewise, a passionate attachment of one Nation for another produces a variety of evils. Sympathy for the favorite Nation, facilitating the illusion of an imaginary common interest, in cases where no real common interest exists, and infusing into one the enmities of the other, betrays the former into a participation in the quarrels and wars of the latter, without adequate inducement or justification. It leads also to concessions to the favorite Nation of privileges denied to others, which is apt doubly to injure the Nation making the concessions; by unnecessarily parting with what ought to have been retained; and by exciting jealousy, ill-will, and a disposition to retaliate, in the parties from whom equal privileges are withheld. And it gives to ambitious, corrupted, or deluded citizens, (who devote themselves to the favorite nation,) facility to betray or sacrifice the interests of their own country, without odium, sometimes even with popularity; gilding, with the appearances of a virtuous sense of obligation, a commendable deference for public opinion, or a laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation.

34 As avenues to foreign influence in innumerable ways, such attachments are particularly alarming to the truly enlightened and independent Patriot. How many opportunities do they afford to tamper with domestic factions, to practise the arts of seduction, to mislead public opinion, to influence or awe the Public Councils! Such an attachment of a small or weak, towards a great and powerful nation, dooms the former to be the satellite of the latter.

35 Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I conjure you to believe me, fellow-citizens,) the jealousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake; since history and experience prove, that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of Republican Government. But that jealousy, to be useful, must be impartial; else it becomes the instrument of the very influence to be avoided, instead of a defence against it. Excessive partiality for one foreign nation, and excessive dislike of another, cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side, and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other. Real patriots, who may resist the intrigues of the favorite, are liable to become suspected and odious; while its tools and dupes usurp the applause and confidence of the people, to surrender their interests.

36 The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connexion as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop.

37 Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities.

38 Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course. If we remain one people, under an efficient government, the period is not far off, when we may defy material injury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality, we may at any time resolve upon, to be scrupulously respected; when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel.

39 Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation? Why quit our own to stand upon foreign ground? Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice?

40 It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to existing engagements. I hold the maxim no less applicable to public than to private affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be observed in their genuine sense. But, in my opinion, it is unnecessary and would be unwise to extend them.

41 Taking care always to keep ourselves, by suitable establishments, on a respectable defensive posture, we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extraordinary emergencies.

42 Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and interest. But even our commercial policy should hold an equal and impartial hand; neither seeking nor granting exclusive favors or preferences; consulting the natural course of things; diffusing and diversifying by gentle means the streams of commerce, but forcing nothing; establishing, with powers so disposed, in order to give trade a stable course, to define the rights of our merchants, and to enable the government to support them, conventional rules of intercourse, the best that present circumstances and mutual opinion will permit, but temporary, and liable to be from time to time abandoned or varied, as experience and circumstances shall dictate; constantly keeping in view, that it is folly in one nation to look for disinterested favors from another; that it must pay with a portion of its independence for whatever it may accept under that character; that, by such acceptance, it may place itself in the condition of having given equivalents for nominal favors, and yet of being reproached with ingratitude for not giving more. There can be no greater error than to expect or calculate upon real favors from nation to nation. It is an illusion, which experience must cure, which a just pride ought to discard.

43 In offering to you, my countrymen, these counsels of an old and affectionate friend, I dare not hope they will make the strong and lasting impression I could wish; that they will control the usual current of the passions, or prevent our nation from running the course, which has hitherto marked the destiny of nations. But, if I may even flatter myself, that they may be productive of some partial benefit, some occasional good; that they may now and then recur to moderate the fury of party spirit, to warn against the mischiefs of foreign intrigue, to guard against the impostures of pretended patriotism; this hope will be a full recompense for the solicitude for your welfare, by which they have been dictated.

44 How far in the discharge of my official duties, I have been guided by the principles which have been delineated, the public records and other evidences of my conduct must witness to you and to the world. To myself, the assurance of my own conscience is, that I have at least believed myself to be guided by them.

45 In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, my Proclamation of the 22d of April 1793, is the index to my Plan. Sanctioned by your approving voice, and by that of your Representatives in both Houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has continually governed me, uninfluenced by any attempts to deter or divert me from it.

46 After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that our country, under all the circumstances of the case, had a right to take, and was bound in duty and interest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I determined, as far as should depend upon me, to maintain it, with moderation, perseverance, and firmness.

47 The considerations, which respect the right to hold this conduct, it is not necessary on this occasion to detail. I will only observe, that, according to my understanding of the matter, that right, so far from being denied by any of the Belligerent Powers, has been virtually admitted by all.

48 The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be inferred, without any thing more, from the obligation which justice and humanity impose on every nation, in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the relations of peace and amity towards other nations.

49 The inducements of interest for observing that conduct will best be referred to your own reflections and experience. With me, a predominant motive has been to endeavour to gain time to our country to settle and mature its yet recent institutions, and to progress without interruption to that degree of strength and consistency, which is necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes.

50 Though, in reviewing the incidents of my administration, I am unconscious of intentional error, I am nevertheless too sensible of my defects not to think it probable that I may have committed many errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently beseech the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope, that my Country will never cease to view them with indulgence; and that, after forty-five years of my life dedicated to its service with an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities will be consigned to oblivion, as myself must soon be to the mansions of rest.

51 Relying on its kindness in this as in other things, and actuated by that fervent love towards it, which is so natural to a man, who views it in the native soil of himself and his progenitors for several generations; I anticipate with pleasing expectation that retreat, in which I promise myself to realize, without alloy, the sweet enjoyment of partaking, in the midst of my fellow-citizens, the benign influence of good laws under a free government, the ever favorite object of my heart, and the happy reward, as I trust, of our mutual cares, labors, and dangers.

George Washington
United States - September 17, 1796 Kick them all out

October 27

Obama,For Whom the Bells Tolls.

Riiinnnnng !!!

For Whom the Bells Tolls.

Starting Tuesday morning all of us in America need to Phone our Congressmen and Senators,Mayors and Police and all neighbors and business and go Thur the phone book and get hold of all you can reach.text message,Email,fax,send smoke signals.

Tell all in America to phone Obama and all Senators and President Bush and all business and phone all day your friends and and anyone in the white pages .Tie up the phone lines all day and ask all others to do same thing.

Lets fight for our Constitutional right to see that birth certificate.

Obama went to Hawaii and the Governor of the state sealed it up?????

We Demand to see that Birth Certificate.

Keep phoning everyday till the elections we see it or burn out every phone system in the USA

Lets stand up and fight for our rights and our Constitution.We have to show our birth certificate and he will too.

see,hear,speck no evil

Kick them all out and congress too

Put the US back in USA

COTTON RedNeck

 
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2009

 

-Teira-

Dec. 31
Keswrote:
chimney.gif picture by kesallanxmas.gif picture by kesallan
Dec. 19
Madeleinewrote:
Hi Carlton Just Like To Wish You A Merry Christmas And Thank You For Your Help
Dec. 18
Teirawrote:

Dec. 15
Irmgard G.wrote:

Hallo mein Spacefreund/in!

"Ein Schutzengelchen
für alle Kinder
dieser Welt"

"Ein  Engel erschien mir
im Traum heute Nacht,
ich blickte zu ihm
und sah, das er lacht.
Lachst du mich aus?
"fragte ich erstaunt."
"Nein", ich bin immer
so gut gelaunt"!

 

"Ich unterhielt mich mit ihm
auf seltsame Weise,
denn er berichtete von einer
sehr langen Reise.
Er reiste durch Träume,
Nacht für Nacht,
er ist der Engel,
der Verliebte bewacht"

"Verliebt war ich doch
schon oft bisher",
warum kamst du denn
nicht früher hierher?"


"Ich bin nicht der Engel
der Einsamkeit
und ich sehe nicht gern
Kummer und Leid.
Ich hoffe so sehr
dich glücklich zu seh`n
und nun darf ich endlich
vor dir steh`n."

 

 

"Dein Herz ist nun frei
von jeglichen Schmerzen,
denn du wirst geliebt,
von ganzem Herzen"!
Geliebt von jemandem,
der nur an dich denkt,
er hat dir sein Herz
mit Freunden geschenkt,
Er denkt an dich
bei Tag und Nacht
und ich bin der Engel,
der das alles bewacht".
 

 

"Das Wochende steht wieder vor der Tür"!

"Wünsche dir einen besinnlichen 3.Advent mein Freund" !


Sei lieb gegrüsst von deiner
Spacefreundin

*Irmgard.G.*"

 

 

 

 

Dec. 11
Teirawrote:

Wishing  You  Love  Light  and  Liberty  As  We  Close  2008

-TEIRA-

Dec. 1
Willow Livewrote:
HI Carlton, I have to navigate away from your newest blog.  I have issues with how all of that was handled.  Most certainly with Judge Surrick's dismissal on the grounds that it was not our job to police birth certificates. I was mystified. Whose job is it to police a politicians's elegibility to hold office?
 
<sigh> it is what it is and the American people are all asleep or have just given up.
 
Anyway, I stopped to wish you a "Happy Thanksgiving!"  :-) 
Nov. 25
Teirawrote:

"Have a Beautiful Friday and Calm Weekend"

-TEIRA-

Nov. 6
HELLO FRIEND, JUST WANT TO WISH & YOURS WELL MY FRIEND! BLESSINGS ALWAYS IN THE LORD! LOVE & HUGSSS...'MURPHY' “As I live, saith the Lord GOD, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel?” Ezekiel 33:11
Nov. 4
Teirawrote:

 

"Wishing you a great week my friend"

-TEIRA-

Oct. 28
JM IIwrote:
 
 
             
 
 

Denis Waitley: The results you achieve will be in direct proportion to the effort you apply.

Marcel Proust: The real voyage of discovery consists of not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes.

Samuel Johnson: Some desire is necessary to keep life in motion.

Samuel Johnson: Some desire is necessary to keep life in motion.

Thomas Fuller: Some have been thought brave because they were afraid to run away. 

 
 
 
 
Oct. 25
Lolly Lynchwrote:
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Oct. 25